Heavy metal speciation in the surface water dissolved fraction of the low watershed and plume of the Manzanares River, Sucre State, Venezuela
G. MartÃnez, W. Senior, A. Márquez
Abstract
Se estudió la especiación de los metales pesados Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb y Zn en la fracción disuelta en las agues superficiales de la cuenca baja y pluma del RÃo Manzanares, Estado Sucre, Venezuela, durante el periodo comprendido entre julio de 1996 y junio de 1997, en 22 estaciones establecidas en la cuenca baja y pluma de dicho rÃo. Las concentraciones totales de los metales en la fracción disuelta variaron de no detectado a 0.01 µmol Lâ??1 para el Cd, de no detectado a 5.13 µmol Lâ??1 para el Zn, de no detectado a 0.10 µmol Lâ??1 para el Cu, de no detectado a 0.02 µmol Lâ??1 para el Cr, de no detectado a 2.56 µmol Lâ??1 para el Fe, de no detectado a 1.03 µmol Lâ??1 para el Mn, de no detectado a 0.10 µmol Lâ??1 para el Ni y de no detectado a 0.02 µmol Lâ??1 para el Pb. En general, los metales evaluados presentaron un comportamiento no conservativo con remoción a bajas salinidades posiblemente debida a la floculación al formarse oxihidróxidos de Fe y Mn como consecuencia de los cambios de pH y fuerza iónica que ocurren cuando se mezclan las aguas dulces del rÃo con las marinas del Golfo de Cariaco, además de observarse aportes de estos elementos a todo lo largo de la pluma debido a las actividades humanas que se desarrollan en la zona. De igual manera, los metales pesados en la fracción disuelta presentan una composición en la que las mayores proporciones se encuentran asociadas a los ácidos húmicos (extraÃdos con la resina DEAE) y en forma libre e hidratada (extraÃdos con la resina Chelex-100), las cuales son las especies más disponibles para los organismos vivos..
This paper reports on the speciation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Zn) in the surface water dissolved fraction of the low basin and plume of the Manzanares River, in the state of Sucre, Venezuela, based on data taken at 22 stations from July 1996 to June 1997. The total metal concentrations in the dissolved phase ranged from below detection levels to 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.10, 0.10, 1.03, 2.56, and 5.13 µmol Lâ??1 for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Zn, respectively. Overall, the metals studied revealed a nonconservative behavior with removal at low salinities, likely due to anthropogenic contributions and to flocculation on account of Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxide formation resulting from the shifts in pH and ion forces that ensue when the fresh waters of the river meet the marine water mass of the Gulf of Cariaco. The heavy metals in the dissolved fraction, in both free and hydrated form, had a composition in which the largest proportions were associated with humic acids, thus being more readily available to organisms.
This paper reports on the speciation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Zn) in the surface water dissolved fraction of the low basin and plume of the Manzanares River, in the state of Sucre, Venezuela, based on data taken at 22 stations from July 1996 to June 1997. The total metal concentrations in the dissolved phase ranged from below detection levels to 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.10, 0.10, 1.03, 2.56, and 5.13 µmol Lâ??1 for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Zn, respectively. Overall, the metals studied revealed a nonconservative behavior with removal at low salinities, likely due to anthropogenic contributions and to flocculation on account of Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxide formation resulting from the shifts in pH and ion forces that ensue when the fresh waters of the river meet the marine water mass of the Gulf of Cariaco. The heavy metals in the dissolved fraction, in both free and hydrated form, had a composition in which the largest proportions were associated with humic acids, thus being more readily available to organisms.
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